国土安全部已向白宫正式提出进一步限制合法移民的建议今天,NBC报道:国土安全部已向白宫正式提出“限制合法移民”的建议,下面就是等总统审阅、决定,发布行政命令了。这个事件并非突发。上周,Warald撰文提醒大家:《四议员联名写信,美国总统可能暂停H1B和F1/OPT申请,这里有一切细节和深度分析》后来,地里群众们不断挖掘,发现上周四给总统写信要求暂停H1B和OPT的,不仅是四位参议院议员,还有八位众议院议员,十二人在同一天同时动手。这十二人,全都是共和党议员。NBC今天的新闻里,着重提到了OPT,这可能是记者获得内部消息,也可能是随手挑选一个热门话题,当然,无论如何,OPT是否会被取消,大家很关注。 在我们发文后,地里有同学发帖给学校OISS发email询问后,得到回应如下:Please continue to apply for OPT as usual. Here is what an immigration attorney said concerning these plans:The F, H and other visa categories are statutory, in the Immigration and Nationality Act and so require an act of congress to eliminate completely. OPT and the operational provisions of F and H are regulatory via the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Ordinarily, there is a lengthy process of changing regulations – publishing draft regulations, soliciting public comment, revising, republishing, wading through legal challenges and so on. However, the government can publish interim or emergency regulations fairly quickly as circumstances (deemed by the President and the Secretary of DHS unfortunately) dictate. However, these are all subject to legal review which means the very moment this happens it is likely that suit will be filed with an injunction imposed blocking the enforcement of the regulations.
对上面这段话,地里有同学提问:
请问这个attorney解释里提到的statutory和regulatory的主要区别是不是前者是经过congress批准的立法,后者不是?或者说一个是法律,另一个是法规/条例?因此,行政部门/总统对于regulatory的OPT的权限更大?一亩三分地用户@putout在美国读Phd,辅修政治学(Minor in Politics),他对此提供了进一步的解释:
正解。Statute是法律,regulation指法规、办法、条例。前者必须通过国会立法、汇集于United States Code。后者是行政部门制定的管理规则、通过简单的过程即可颁发、汇集于Code of Federal Regulations。管理移民的根源权利在于国会,但是国会立法支配这个权利于各个行政部门来管理。这里的法律就好比划了一个框的界限,框内规则是行政规章,但是后者没有权利出界或更改界限。